With Same-Sex or Different-Sex Parents, Child Outcomes Linked to Family Functioning The study adds to a preponderance of evidence showing no increase in problems for children of gay or lesbian parents, compared to children of heterosexual parents. Roberto Baiocco, PhD, and colleagues of Sapienza University of Rome. 'Our findings suggested that children with same-sex parents fare well, both in terms of psychological adjustment and prosocial behavior,' according to the research by Prof.